Writing & Speaking

The main points for clarity and optimal communication

Overall, it is crucial how understandable your textual information is to the listener. This dimension of intelligibility can be identified in four main points:

1. The simplicity

It mainly refers to the sentence structure and the wording of a text. Simplicity, and therefore clear understanding, is given when your sentences are short and you know familiar words, i. use as little unknown foreign words as possible. Do not overestimate the level of knowledge of your listeners. Use images and metaphors to address the right, the emotional hemisphere in the brain, as well as your simple texts.

2. Outline and order

A crucial point for keeping information is a clear and understandable structure, i. the listener finds the red thread in your entire information offer. Therefore, you must give it guidance by highlighting new points and highlighting them linguistically. Create mental overviews, i. the listener recognizes through the formed chapters, groups or parts through the given coarse and fine goals, the main and secondary points, through the given goals, outlooks, flashbacks and summaries, what belongs in the respective text because of the structure and order and thus can also be summarized in terms of content.

3. brevity and conciseness

Try to show a lot of direct benefit to the listener and avoid verbose explanations. Get to the point quickly by comparing pros and cons, pros and cons, wrong and right. Offer graphic thinking models or even schematic overviews, so that your listeners can understand the core theses of your statements faster with these visualization aids. As the vernacular says so beautifully: "In the brevity lies the spice". And he is certainly right. It is a sign of great education if you succeed in presenting complicated and difficult relationships succinctly.

4. Stimulants

These stimulants are mainly intended to motivate the listener in addition. This can be done through a set of questioning techniques, but can also be implemented by captivating quotes, witty phrases or deliberately used stimulus words. Always address the feelings as well as the facts. Make sure that the flow of your speech remains. Therefore, formulate effective inference. This can be a call to action, an appeal to help.

How to raise motivation for learning?

According to experts, motivation is a psychological basis of behavior. The more students are motivated, the higher the quality of learning, when the motivation is weak, the quality of learning decreases.
There is internal and external motivation. External motivation is when the student is encouraged to carry out the learning activity, exceeds the reward (high scores, praise, status in the class). At this time the activity itself may not be interesting for him. Internally motivated student is more important than an expected reward.
Some students are very enthusiastic about learning because they are curious about the subject and learning process, but there are some students who do not have a great interest in learning without encouraging them. They constantly need praise, incentive, and support.
At the same time, the teacher should take into account the motivation of the pupil while planning the study process - this will help to succeed.
1. Enrich the learning process. This can be done with additional, extraordinary activities, diverse learning materials, new methods of teaching and strategies. The learning process will become more fun and interesting for the student.
2. Try to activate pupils. Active participation in the lesson process is much more natural than quietly sitting and listening. You can arrange for discussions, presentations, role games, educational excursions, etc. But all of this should be appropriate for the time, otherwise you will not have the effect you expect.
3. Turn the students into knowledge evaluation tools - semester tests, exercises related to a particular topic, crossword, situational tasks. This will not only raise their motivation, but also help to master the material.
4. Use different difficulty tasks. It would be good if we offer pupils the same problem on different topics. It will help you to take into consideration their capabilities and motivation.
5. Use unnecessary activities. At that time the student's attention will be transferred from the result to the trial itself.
6. Create an environment in which the students will not be afraid of negative assessment, criticism and error. Errors are the best way to learn. We must turn them to the best of the best results.
7. Give students a positive feedback. You can use this for "1 + 2" evaluation. "1 + 2" is an assessment where the "1" note is the advice that the student should take into consideration, and "2" - a positive comment. You can change the chart optionally, but it is desirable to protect the positive and negative feedback.
8. Remove the mark only. Give a sign a comment, namely why the pupil had a mark, what you liked and what to focus on. The comment should be extensive and exhaustive.
9. Never criticize the pupil publicly. Public criticism pushes self-esteem and motivation for teenagers. In addition, such a approach can help your child to lose your trust and respect.
10. Be impartial. The teacher is a normal person with his sympathy and imagination, but try to maximally relieve the subjective spirit in the personal relationship with the teaching or the students.
11. Use different types of questions during testing. The test must be balanced between open and closed questions. Such a test will not grant any student a privilege and will be a more appropriate tool for classroom evaluation.
12. Give proper attention to each work of pupils. In case of sweating, the student is motivated.
13. Engage in the decision making process. Participation in determining the classroom norms, evaluation components, determining sequencing issues will significantly increase students' motivation and promote their fulfillment of this agreement.
14. Provide the "Problems and Proposals Box" - This method will allow students to express their opinions or evaluations anonymously. The main thing is to explain the essence of the box and the purpose of the application, and to develop the form of the proposal. Specific types of information should be mandatory. Otherwise the method will not be effective. Systematically review submitted suggestions.
15. All students can learn and achieve success - in the course of teaching and in dealing with pupils, the teacher's attitude should be clear

Types of speech

There are some types of speeches based on the purpose that can determine the next step based on what the speech was held, namely:

1. Informative / instructive

An informative speech is a speech that contains a report or knowledge or something that is interesting to the listener, which is conveying information or information about something to the listener.

2. Persuasive

Persuasive speeches are about efforts to encourage, convince and invite listeners to do something.

3. Argumentative

Argumentative speech contains everything that aims to convince the listener.

4. Descriptive

Descriptive speech aims to describe or describe a thing or situation. The right themes such as the atmosphere of the youth oath warning and the commemoration of the day of the hero.

5. Recreational

Recreational speech is a speech that aims to entertain listeners. Usually found in banquets, parties or celebrations.

6. Educational

Adjective speech is a speech that emphasizes the aspects of education, for example about the importance of healthy living, family planning, and so on.

7. Entertain

Entertainment Speech is a speech that aims to provide refresher to the listener who is more relaxed.
Deeper, the type of speech based on the nature and content of the speech, the types of speech are distinguished by:
1. Opening Speech, is a short speech delivered by the reader of the event or MC (master of ceremony).
2. Directing Speech is a speech to direct a meeting.
3. Speech Greetings are speeches delivered at a certain event or event that can be carried out by several people with limited time in turn.
4. Speech Inauguration is a speech carried out by someone who is influential when it will formalize something.
5. Speech Reports are speeches whose contents are reporting a task or activity.
6. Speech Accountability is a speech that contains an accountability report on a particular activity.
Based on the presence or absence of preparations made before making a speech, the types of speech are distinguished by:
1. Impromptu (immediate) speech, namely a speech that is performed suddenly, spontaneously, without prior preparation. For example, if someone attends a party and is suddenly called to deliver a speech, the speech delivered is an impromptu speech.
Advantages:
a. More express the true feelings of the speaker, because the speaker did not have time to think more about what he would say.
b. Ideas come spontaneously, so they look fresh and alive.
c. Allows the speaker to keep thinking.
Weaknesses:
a. Can lead to raw conclusions, because the basis of knowledge is inadequate.
b. Resulting in delivery that is not smooth and halting.
c. Usually the ideas conveyed can be messy and inconsequential.
d. The speaker is most likely usually stage fright.
2. Speech Manuscripts are speeches with texts. The term "speech" does not apply here but "read a speech". Because the speaker will read the speech from beginning to end. This type of speech really needs to be done, if the contents of the speech to be delivered there must be no errors. For example, when someone is asked to report on financial conditions, how much income, where the source is, and how much is spent and for what money is spent, the person needs to write it in the form of a text and then read it. Manuscripts are also very much needed by national figures, because even a few mistakes can lead to national chaos.
Advantages:
a. Words can be chosen as well as possible so that they can convey the right meaning and clear statement,
b. Statements can be saved, because the manuscript can be rearranged,
c. Speech fluency can be achieved because the words have been prepared,
d. Things that are inconsequential or deviant can be avoided,
e. Manuscripts can be published or reproduced.
Losses:
a. Communication of listeners will decrease because the speaker does not speak directly to them,
b. The speaker cannot see the listener well because he concentrates more on the speech text, so that it will lose motion and be rigid
c. Feedback from listeners cannot change, shorten or extend messages
d. Making it longer
3. Speech Memoriter is a speech message written in the form of a text then memorized word for word.
Advantages:
a. Words can be chosen as well as possible because they have good preparation,
b. If you can memorize the speech will be smooth,
c. Motion and cues are integrated with the description.
Losses:
a. The speech seemed flat and monotonous, so the speaker would not be able to attract the attention of the audience,
b. The listener's communication will decrease because the speaker switches to trying to remember the words,
c. Requires a lot of preparation time.
4. Exemplary Speech, namely the prepared speech in the form of outlines and supporting points, but the speaker does not try to remember it word for word. This type of speech is the best and most often used by experienced and experienced speakers. Out-line is only a guideline for organizing ideas that are in the speaker's mind.
Advantages:
a. Communication of listeners and speakers is better because the speaker speaks directly to the listener or audience,
b. The message can be flexible to be changed according to the needs and the presentation is more spontaneous.
Losses:
a. Requires intensive training for the speaker
b. The possibility of deviating from the big outline is very large
c. Fluency can be hampered because of the difficulty of choosing words

Principles of effective public speech

From time to time, we often have to make a speech before the public and make a lot of drafts in advance. It may take hours. Often people do not have the "tricks" and the exciting word of speech.
Some principles for effective public discourse. "First of all it is necessary to accumulate the necessary information, its reliability is mandatory, to make slides, to develop the way of presentation, in a word, to take into account everything,". Sound is part of the performance. It should be selected two times above ordinary conversations to provide the audience with the opportunity to listen to the talk. If anyone speaks without pauses, hardly anyone can find someone who will enjoy it, that is, meaningful pauses in speech are no less important. "
As much as possible to enrich the story with stories or examples to make it more convincing.
"Apart from what you say, you also need to pay attention when you look at where you look, the look should be directed to the audience, not the different corners of the room. You have to notice everyone not to focus on the same people, so that others do not feel bad. Do everything to engage the audience in the talk. This can include speedy speech, dynamics, questions to the audience, humorous pauses. "
Clothes and ties also change a lot. "Earlier people thought that it was practical clothing for a powerful talk, it was necessary to wear it, but it was ahead. Today, you should be dressed so as to fit your presentation, depending on the topic and comfort of the talk. Of course, everything should be done in size. "
"If you can not control your laugh, or just the opposite, the excitement will strangle you. "Moderate excitement is completely normal, somewhere it is a sign of responsibility. Take breathing exercises before making a speech. And when it comes to laughing, I try to remember bad things and get upset at once. "
If you use slides in your word, they should be interesting, very colorful and have fun, have short text, it is also advisable to include them in statistics. It is always desirable to have an impressive slide, as in 72 hours people remember 10% of what they have heard, 25% of what they have seen, and 75% of what they've seen and heard.

What are the types of public speaking?

Some Understanding of Speaking

The purpose of talking

The main purpose of speaking is to communicate, communicate thoughts effectively. The general purpose is to notify / report, entertain / entertain, and persuade / invite / convince

Elements of speaking

In speaking, there are five elements involved, namely:
1. Speaker
2. Fill in the conversation
3. Channels
4. Listeners
5. Listener's response

Types of talking

Based on the situation

Based on the scope of the situation, there are two kinds of public speaking activities, namely the official and unofficial scope.

Based on purpose

According to the purpose, the speaking activities are divided into five types, namely:
1. Talking comfortably
2. Talking informs
3. Talking stimulates
4. Speak convincingly
5. Speaking moves

Based on the delivery method

There are four ways that a person can use in delivering his speech, namely:
1. Sudden delivery
2. Submission based on small notes
3. Recitation based on memorization
4. Submission based on the text

Based on the number of listeners

Based on the number of listeners, speaking can be divided into three types, namely:
1. Interpersonal speaking
2. Speak in small groups
3. Speak in large groups

Based on special events of speech or speech can be classified into six types, namely;

1. Presentation speech
2. Submission speech
3. Farewell speech
4. Speech banquet
5. Introductory speeches
6. Speech nominations

The characteristics of the speaker are ideal

The characteristics of the speaker that are good to be known, understood, and lived in, and applied in speaking, are:
1. Choose the right topic / theme
2. Mastering the material
3. Understanding listeners
4. Understanding the situation
5. Formulate clear objectives
6. Establish contact with listeners
7. Have linguistic abilities
8. Mastering listeners
9. Use tools
10. Convincing in appearance
11. Have a plan

The steps to becoming an ideal speaker

put forward six steps that must be passed and mastered by someone in order to be a good speaker. These steps, namely:
1. Choose a topic
2. Understand and test the topic
3. Understanding the listener's background and situation
4. Arrange the discussion frame
5. Try out
6. Presenting
Things that must be considered in speaking
Both the speaker or orator (speech expert), who wants to succeed in speaking activities, must pay attention to the following:

Internal factors

1. Vocals:
Not monotonous, obviously varied, according to the character of the material
2. Appearance:
Attract the sympathy of listeners, foster eye contact with listeners, expressions / expressions that are not excessive, proper limb movements.
3. Material:
Mastering material, according to the level of the listener, delivery must be systematic, accompanied by examples of "fresh".

External factors

1. Analyzing listeners:
Age of listeners, listener's education level, gender (if necessary), cultural background, number of listeners.
2. Situation of conversation:
Formal or non-formal, when talking (morning, afternoon, evening, night), the place of conversation (in door or out door).

Role of attitude in public speaking

1. The inner attitude makes it

Whether your presentation will be a success, decides not long before your speech, but long before. Your attitude determines whether you will inspire your audience with confidence and achieve your goals. Remember situations in which you have successfully mastered similar challenges, recall your attitude and feelings from back then. Use your motto of success: Yes, I can do it! The fact is: you have all the resources you need to shine this time.

2. Good preparation is everything

You may have heard that good preparation is half the battle. This is not true, because a good preparation is everything. It's okay to be nervous, it's okay to have a little stage fright. But it is not okay if you are not well prepared and have not done your homework. Do not leave anything to chance and be prepared for any eventuality.

3. Find out about your listeners

In order to prepare your content in the best possible way, you should inform yourself comprehensively about your listeners. For whom do you present? It makes a difference whether you speak in front of colleagues, present at a management meeting or pitch in front of a potential client. The more you know, the more individual you can tailor your language and the way you present yourself.

4. Have the end in mind

Do you have the end in mind before the beginning of your speech? Ask yourself the following questions: What is the goal of your speech? What are your core messages? What should your listeners know or know more after the presentation? And most importantly, how should your audience feel after the speech? Focus on the most intense emotions possible. The numbers, dates and facts will have quickly forgotten your audience. How you felt is remembered much longer.

5. Go ahead

One of the key tenets of a good speaker is Go first. Whatever emotions you want to evoke in your listeners, you first have to feel them yourself. If you want to inspire, then you are excited. If you want to stimulate thought, then go first to this state. And if you want to motivate, then you should first and foremost be motivated.

6. Speak the language of the audience

Do not use any form of specialist gibberish. Talk as simple as possible and avoid cumbersome phrases or any form of nesting. Trust your own language skills and do not try to imitate someone else's language. And never assume that your listeners need to know insider terms, industry terms or technical terms. Instead, put on the audience goggles and speak in the language of your audience.

7. Tell stories

Nothing can bind people like a well-told story. Nothing makes a presentation as long-winded as the permanent juxtaposition of numbers and facts. However, when you package that information into a stimulating and emotional story, your listeners will be spellbound and literally internalize the messages they contain. Make small surprises, find examples from our everyday world. Do not forget your humor!

8. Delete any unnecessary information

They are glad that you are allowed to give the presentation today. Very nice. But is this information relevant to your audience? No, and therefore you should consistently delete such and similar phrases. Review each sentence of your speech and ask yourself: Does this information fit into the message of my presentation? If you do not, then you have the courage to streamline your presentation. Less is definitely more when talking!

9. Stay faithful

You do not have to become a robot on stage. It does not do any good to train yourself on any techniques and then to play a role. Dare to be yourself. Tell me about yourself. And also like to formulate your own opinion. People do not like perfection. People like people.

10. Enjoy the presentation

As a speaker you have the unique opportunity to give other people important impulses and to convey their knowledge and expertise. Therefore, appreciate this privilege and enjoy every minute. And this attitude then feels your audience again and will say goodbye with applause.

Steps to keep in mind when practicing webinars

Think about content to deliver

The first thing to do is to "decide a customer". There is no content that gets popular among all people. So please first decide who you are your client like salaried workers and middle-aged people.
It is also important to think "what you do at a webinar." Once the assumed customers are decided, I will try to think about the problems they have.
If you are planning for a young office worker, it will be "you can not work efficiently", if you are a housewife, you will be worried about whether you can return to society or not. We will make content to solve these problems.
The webinar has the merit that anyone can start at any time, and if you return the back you will be able to hold a purpose.
Content that does not have such a purpose can not gather customers well even though it looks good. So let's think about the purpose of the content firmly.
It is also important to choose the appropriate webinar tool. We call the necessary tools to hold webinars "webinar tool", but this is a variety from free to charged, so please choose tools according to your own purpose.
For example, if acquiring a new customer or lowering the cost anyway, give a free tool, conversely if you aim to distribute good content to customers or acquire repeaters Let's choose a quality paid tool.

Advertise and collect customers

Let's create a "participation form" for registering participants this time once the purpose and contents of the content to be distributed are decided.
In the participation form, you can register the content to be delivered and its merits, the organizer and the email address of the participant. You can dress the foam to a certain extent, but be careful as you may be shunned if you decorate too much.
Next is "promotion". Let's propagate through Facebook, Twitter, blog, etc. and guide you to the participation form.
Currently there are substantial ways to advertise for free, but there is also a way to make paid advertisements, distribute it and promote it. When advertising is done, it is important not to make it once but repeatedly, to reply to those who participate further thank you.
What I would like to do while advertising is to decide where to do 'webinars'.
Basically it is good at home, but there are things that are noticeable around the time zone. That way it will halve its appeal, no matter how good content it is. If the vicinity of your house is noisy, let's choose a quiet place such as a conference room for a conference room.

Feedback results

The webinar is over when I practice it, I can not say that. It is important to look back on delivered content and customer reactions and think about how to improve and practice it.
Questionnaire is useful at that time. Let's create a questionnaire form and send it to customers who joined the webinar by e-mail etc. and get a response.
It is also recommended that you record the contents delivered outside the questionnaire. Some people think that it is embarrassing to watch their appearance on video, but it is important to check as to whether the content you want to convey is properly explained or whether it was in an easy-to-hear environment, so try to do as much as possible please.

Do not forget to practice repeatedly

Popular webinars rarely get popular from the first time, and most of them are held many times to obtain repeaters.
For that reason, even if few customers initially gather at first, it is important that the attitude of holding improvements repeatedly without failing to do so.

Pre-practice firmly

Not limited to webinars, there are a variety of factors that fail when you make a lecture in front of people, such as seminars and presentations.
When sending out information using a webinar, it is common to examine various advance information such as data of contents to be transmitted, product information, merits and demerits.
Although it may be thought that there is not incompleteness about the contents of the webinar, it is important to carry out preliminary exercises assuming the actual number before actually hosting the webinar.
There are a lot of failure examples such as not performing the preliminary exercise properly and just having not done the preliminary exercise, the head became pure white in the actual work.
If you did a product explanation or a company explanation by a webinar, if you failed by going through the production without prior practice, it will be a big blow.
It is necessary to do preliminary practice and rehearsal firmly from the week before the actual number to several days before, and to face the production.

Performance of equipment and equipment confirmation

Webinars can be easily done simply by using smartphones and personal computers, but you can hold webinars even using equipment specialized in webinars.
One thing to keep in mind when hosting webinars is to do a firm confirmation of the performance of the equipment and connection and settings.
If you do not do this in advance, you will end up failing, such as interruption in the middle of the production.
Unlike a seminar that actually holds the venue, the webinar will be done via a PC or smartphone. Therefore, the speaker's behavior may be limited.
In an actual seminar, participants can see the participants even if they take full advantage of the lecture hall and move from corner to corner of the room. If you give a lecture accompanied by a big gesture gesture, it may become more understandable content.
But at a webinar it is not necessarily the case. The webinar is done by taking the contents of the seminar with a fixed camera to some extent, so the screen size is limited.
If you move inside the room, the appearance of the speaker itself may disappear from the screen, and if you make a big gesture, you do not know what the body goes out of the screen and you are doing it There is nothing wrong.
Also, if you are not used to hosting webinars, there is also the problem that you do not know how much you speak at the right level.
Since it is possible that the sound will not reach the participants unless you know the volume of sound to be collected by the microphone in advance and set it in advance, it is important to confirm the performance of the facility in advance It is important.
As an example of actual webinar failure, there are things such as distribution being interrupted on the way.
It is expected that problems such as Internet connection not being securely connected, setting incorrect, incompatibility between system tools and webinars are not established etc.
In order to prevent this failure, it is important to check the connection and settings beforehand and make sure that it is delivered securely.

Do not neglect advertisement

The purpose of doing webinars is diverse. Product promotion, lecture meeting, corporate explanation, etc. are the main ones, but if you hold it, we want to demonstrate the maximum effect.
To do this, it is necessary to establish a pre-promotion and a posterior plan firmly.
Since it is meaningless unless you collect enough participants, you need to use web blogs and social media to pre-advertise webinars.
And, once the webinar is over, the webinar will be a one time event and fail unless you do not take action to continue the relationship with the participants.
It is important to think carefully about what kind of relationship you will build after holding in advance, to create content for on-demand playback and collect data such as questionnaires securely.

Bidirectional relationship

The excellent point of the webinar is that the lecturer and the participants can communicate bidirectionally as well as actually holding the seminar.
However, many of those who actually host webinars tend to give a lecture in front of the camera, make a one-way presentation, and fail.
When holding a webinar, it is important to be aware of the existence of participants on the other side of the camera, to secure interactive communication by firmly taking the questions reception time etc.
Failure examples common in webinars
It is said that it is very difficult to make a webinar a success. People who fail in webinars tend to be unilateral presentations.
I will naturally be unable to get an understanding if I do not try to draw out how participants feel and talk one-sidedly. Even if you collect attendees who can become prospects, you simply miss the opportunity by telling the attractiveness of the product.
Lack of practice is one of the most common failures in webinars. If you think "Webinar is easy" or depend on the webinar system, it will be more likely to fail.
In the unlikely event that the system does not work properly, it will be difficult to respond on the spot, resulting in a negative image. It is the worst scenario to get clogged in words in front of participants or to fail with technical problems.
In order to make a webinar successful you need to rehearse properly in advance.

Tips to make a webinar a success

In order not to fail at the webinar, it is necessary to rehearse the contents and the system in advance. If you do not have confidence, it will be transmitted to participants, so let's not only practice the script, but also wear the content firmly.
If you just read the script, you will be impatient as to how to cope when happening happens, so you can respond flexibly by learning the content rather than learning the script.
Let's do a rehearsal of all the presenters through when the webinar date is approaching. In order to prevent communication shortage between presenters and technical troubles, it is essential that the practice of running ahead is necessary.
If the presenter speaks slowly or the contents are not interesting, participants will get drowsy, bored, and lose credibility.
To make a webinar successful, it is important to actively communicate with participants. In addition to reading the content of the slide, let's communicate with the participants in conjunction with social media, and vote and question and answer.
If it becomes a product selling seminar, participants will be deemed "deceived". In order not to endure distrust of participants, it is important not to end with a one-sided presentation but to have an exciting conversation with participants.
For that, we need to know the needs of the participants in advance. If we can provide valuable solutions to the needs of participants, it will be an effective webinar and you can think that you are "good to participate".
Since product information has already been posted on websites etc., plus alpha is required for webinars. As a trusted adviser, it is necessary to guide participants to the next step with expert knowledge, whether they really should buy the goods or not.

Successful example of webinar

People who are successful in webinars communicate their own success stories to encourage participants to think "I can do it" as well.
Participants receive empathy by putting a story in order, such as what they had, what they did to solve, what happened after they resolved.
Sometimes I have prepared benefits for the participants who have watched until the end. If you first convey the benefit of getting benefits, the motivation of the participants will also be increased and the probability of being seen until the end will be higher.
It is also effective to attach special price or purchase benefit for viewers only. It is effective if you tell the reason you should buy it, prepare the price only for the person who watched the webinar.
By giving a reasonable reason why the discount price has been reached, you can make the presentation price feel cheaper. There are also participants who are uneasy only by lowering the price, so it is important to put a guarantee at the end.
Attaching a warranty is effective in removing participants' anxiety. By attaching extension of period and refund guarantee etc., you can eliminate anxiety at the time of application, you can eliminate the reason to refuse.